Documenting and Citing Sources

Why do we document and cite sources?	Academic writing requires you to use information from outside sources into your own arguments Documenting and citing sources prevents you from plagiarizing
Signal Phrase	You always should introduce the author and his/her credentials so reader clearly knows you are citing a source
Parentheses	Always cite source in parenthesis at end of quote, even if you paraphrase ( put into your own words) Example: Companies can monitor employees’ every keystroke without legal penalty, but they may have to combat low morale as a result (Lane 129)
Use power verbs	Power verbs help show reader you are analyzing and not merely summarizing Verb must match the author's meaning

Rhetorical Modes/ Patterns of Development

We learned about the classical mode of writing an argument. In the classical mode, the information is arranged in a specific order.

When analyzing rhetoric, in particular in the multiple choice section, you may be asked to analyze the organization or Arrangement of a text. Sometimes authors arrange according to purpose. These patterns of development may organize an entire text or specific paragraphs.

Here are some rhetorical modes/ patterns of development you may be asked about in multiple choice section of AP exam:

1.Narration The purpose is to explain information about your topic as a series of events in story format.

2.Description The purpose is to create a picture in words (vivid, specific details) to help the reader visualize something a writer has seen, heard or done

3.Process Analysis The purpose is to explain a process by giving directions or information about how to do something or how something is done.

4.Exemplification/illustration- The purpose is to discuss  topic by using examples to clarify points

5.Comparison and Contrast The purpose is to show how two or more areas of your topic are similar (compare) or different (contrast) or both.

6.Classification and Division The purpose is to break topic into groups of categories and explain

7.Definition: The purpose is to define a word or concept about your topic using synonyms, essential definition or extended definitions

8.Cause and Effect The purpose is to explain what caused (cause) something to happen (effect) in specific topic

Group Synthesis Project

For the next two days, we will write a group synthesis essay. As a group we will

1. Break down the prompt
2. Critically read each source
3. Develop a thesis and find sources to back up argument
4. Draft, revise and publish synthesis
5. Each group will then post on google docs and share link as a comment on this post. I will comment on your group essay on the blog

Thanksgiving Vacation Homework

Over the break, I would like you all to take a crack at writing the synthesis essay to your best ability. Essays will be graded and then we will revise and essays will be graded a second time for two separate grades. Please use synthesis outline to help write your essay .

 *The synthesis question is  QUESTION 1 IN THE AP PRACTICE EXAM  accessible at this link:

https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B8aLLlcDq6T3ek43ZC0tZmZBN28

*If you cannot access the link for any reason, all past AP exams are accessible at:

http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/english_lang/samp.html?englang

we are working on the 2009 AP exam Form B

Synthesis Essay Outline

Synthesis Essay Outline Template

Synthesis essay follows the classical format

I.  Paragraph #1: Introduction: 
Give some information on the topic.  It may be helpful for you to state both sides of the issue. 

Thesis: (Should be your own claim about the issue)

II. Paragraph #2: Narration: 
Give background information about the topic.  Maybe be a short anecdote or outside information about the topic.

III. Paragraph #3:Confirmation: 

Supporting Argument #1: 

Evidence from a source that supports/refutes this claim:

Give your own concluding thoughts on the topic:

IV. Paragraph # 4: Confirmation: 

Supporting Argument #2

Evidence from a source that supports/refutes this claim: 

Give your own concluding thoughts on the topic:

V. Paragraph #5: Confirmation
Supporting Argument #3

Evidence from a source that supports/refutes this claim:  

Give your own concluding thoughts on the topic:

VI. Paragraph # 6: Refutation.  
What are some arguments that could be said against your argument?  State these arguments and refute them.   You may use additional information from the sources.

VII. Paragraph # 7: Conclusion.  
State your argument in a different way.  You may end with a story, question, or some new insight.

To what extent do our schools serve the goal of a true education? Synthesis Prep

Over the past few weeks, we have been immersing ourselves in both visual and written texts regarding issues in education. We watched waiting for superman, analyzed political cartoons, read both modern and pre 19^th century texts all surrounding issues of education. Today we will take that a step further; we will get inside an authors head in order to see how his or her ideas and rhetorical strategies come to life. Today we will read the texts and meet briefly with others who will be assuming the same role. Tomorrow you will be joining an Educational Panel composed of different authors  with opposing view points in order for you to become accustomed to the many view points on the issue.

I. Using notes from your assigned article, answer five of the following questions from the perspective of your assigned character (answer in the first person)

1.   What is the biggest problem facing American public education today?

2.   Should there be a nationwide curriculum for high school?

3.   Do you think classes should be tracked?

4.   Should there be standardized testing?  Is this a good way to measure intelligence?

5.   How should teachers be trained?

6.   Does more of the nation’s money need to be spend on education?

7.   What is your proposed solution to the state of education in the country today?

Midterm Topics

 I. Multiple Choice on:

types of logical fallacies

rhetorical appeals

classical model

rhetorical devices

intro to rhetoric- rhetorical triangle

inductive/ deductive reasoning

II. AP reading passage comprehension and corresponding multiple choice

III. Rhetorical Analysis Essay

Tuesday November 13 classwork and homework- Synthesis on Education

I will not be in class TUESDAY( I will be attending meeting on the New Regents Grading)- however this is what I need you all to accomplish before we meet again WEDNESDAY and begin our work on the Synthesis portion of AP exam

1. Read Emerson's " On Education" in textbook. You can popcorn read this as a class
2. Answer the questions at the end of reading on 'Rhetoric and Style"( I think there are about 12 questions)  THIS IS CLASSWORK
3. All questions need to be answered by WEDNESDAY, so whatever is not finished must be completed for Homework. The questions are quite rigorous so work on the toughest ones together with your group and finish up easier ones at home

Work For Friday's Class

1. Prepare Socratic Seminar based on an article on 2012 election results.
2. Analyze political cartoon of your choice from website:
http://www.cagle.com/news/obama-wins-2012/

Full Text Obama Victory Speech- Deserving of a Rhetorical Analysis

ASSIGNMENT: write a essay in which you analyze the rhetorical devices Obama uses in order to achieve his purpose
DUE: tuesday November 13

you can access video and text at:
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/11/06/us/politics/06-obama-election-night-speech.html

Thank you so much.

Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.

It moves forward because of you. It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.

Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come.

I want to thank every American who participated in this election, whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time. By the way, we have to fix that. Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone, whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference.

I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.

I just spoke with Gov. Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign. We may have battled fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future. From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service and that is the legacy that we honor and applaud tonight. In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Gov. Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.

And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago. Let me say this publicly: Michelle, I have never loved you more. I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you, too, as our nation’s first lady. Sasha and Malia, before our very eyes you’re growing up to become two strong, smart beautiful young women, just like your mom. And I’m so proud of you guys. But I will say that for now one dog’s probably enough.

To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics. The best. The best ever. Some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning. But all of you are family. No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president. Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley. You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you put in.

I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly. And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics that tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests. But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym, or saw folks working late in a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else.

You’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity. You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift. You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.

That’s why we do this. That’s what politics can be. That’s why elections matter. It’s not small, it’s big. It’s important. Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated. We have our own opinions. Each of us has deeply held beliefs. And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.

That won’t change after tonight, and it shouldn’t. These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty. We can never forget that as we speak people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter, the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.

But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future. We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers. A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation, with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow.

We want our children to live in an America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality, that isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet. We want to pass on a country that’s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this — this world has ever known. But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war, to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.

We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag. To the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner. To the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president — that’s the future we hope for. That’s the vision we share. That’s where we need to go — forward. That’s where we need to go.

Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there. As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts. It’s not always a straight line. It’s not always a smooth path.

By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams won’t end all the gridlock or solve all our problems or substitute for the painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward. But that common bond is where we must begin.

Our economy is recovering. A decade of war is ending. A long campaign is now over. And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you, I have learned from you, and you’ve made me a better president. And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead.

Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together. Reducing our deficit. Reforming our tax code. Fixing our immigration system. Freeing ourselves from foreign oil. We’ve got more work to do.

But that doesn’t mean your work is done. The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote. America’s never been about what can be done for us. It’s about what can be done by us together through the hard and frustrating, but necessary work of self-government. That’s the principle we were founded on.

This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich. We have the most powerful military in history, but that’s not what makes us strong. Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores.

What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on earth. The belief that our destiny is shared; that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations. The freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights. And among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism. That’s what makes America great.

I am hopeful tonight because I’ve seen the spirit at work in America. I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job. I’ve seen it in the soldiers who reenlist after losing a limb and in those SEALs who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.

I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm. And I saw just the other day, in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his 8-year-old daughter, whose long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care.

I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father, but meet this incredible daughter of his. And when he spoke to the crowd listening to that father’s story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes, because we knew that little girl could be our own. And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright. That’s who we are. That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president.

And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future. I have never been more hopeful about America. And I ask you to sustain that hope. I’m not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the roadblocks that stand in our path. I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight.

I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.

America, I believe we can build on the progress we’ve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunity and new security for the middle class. I believe we can keep the promise of our founders, the idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love. It doesn’t matter whether you’re black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, able, disabled, gay or straight, you can make it here in America if you’re willing to try.

I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests. We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe. We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions, and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states. We are and forever will be the United States of America.

And together with your help and God’s grace we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.

Thank you, America. God bless you. God bless these United States.